See drumla on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Trommel"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Trommel",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "trummel"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German trummel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "trumme"
},
"expansion": "Old High German trumme",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Trommel, from Middle High German trummel, from Old High German trumme.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "drumla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drumle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "drumla f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"drum‧la"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "drumli"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "82 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 9 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 17 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 25 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 16 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Musical instruments",
"orig": "pl:Musical instruments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Jew's harp"
],
"id": "en-drumla-pl-noun-x5xwAi4h",
"links": [
[
"Jew's harp",
"Jew's harp"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Western Lublin Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Spinning",
"orig": "pl:Spinning",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "pl:Female people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"woman spinning a distaff while burning a bonfire"
],
"id": "en-drumla-pl-noun-C84ckPSf",
"links": [
[
"spinning",
"spinning"
],
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"spin",
"spin"
],
[
"distaff",
"distaff"
],
[
"burn",
"burn"
],
[
"bonfire",
"bonfire"
]
],
"qualifier": "Western Lublin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Western Lublin, Janów Lubelski County, Ziółków, Lubartów County, spinning) woman spinning a distaff while burning a bonfire"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"spinning",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Western Lublin Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "24 31 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"english": "Oh you dummy.",
"text": "O ty drumlo.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"epithet"
],
"id": "en-drumla-pl-noun-JKOc3V~8",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"epithet",
"epithet#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "Western Lublin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Western Lublin, Ponigwoda, derogatory) epithet"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdrum.la/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdrum.lʲa]",
"note": "Western Lublin"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umla"
}
],
"word": "drumla"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "drumlar",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlade",
"tags": [
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlat",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "drumla",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "drumla",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "drumla",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"archaic",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "drumla",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"archaic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"archaic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "drumle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"dated",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"dated",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drumles",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"passive",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"passive",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"10": "drumla",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "present",
"4": "drumlar",
"5": "preterite",
"6": "drumlade",
"7": "supine",
"8": "drumlat",
"9": "imperative",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "drumla (present drumlar, preterite drumlade, supine drumlat, imperative drumla)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "drumla (present drumlar, preterite drumlade, supine drumlat, imperative drumla)",
"name": "sv-verb-reg"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nopp": "1"
},
"name": "sv-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to move or go about something in a clumsy, careless manner; to blunder"
],
"id": "en-drumla-sv-verb-KyatIWjK",
"links": [
[
"blunder",
"blunder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) to move or go about something in a clumsy, careless manner; to blunder"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "drumlig"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"word": "drumla"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from German",
"Polish terms derived from German",
"Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Polish terms derived from Old High German",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/umla",
"Rhymes:Polish/umla/2 syllables",
"pl:Female people",
"pl:Musical instruments"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Trommel"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Trommel",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "trummel"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German trummel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "trumme"
},
"expansion": "Old High German trumme",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Trommel, from Middle High German trummel, from Old High German trumme.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "drumla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drumle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "drumla f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"drum‧la"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "drumli"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Jew's harp"
],
"links": [
[
"Jew's harp",
"Jew's harp"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Western Lublin Polish",
"pl:Spinning"
],
"glosses": [
"woman spinning a distaff while burning a bonfire"
],
"links": [
[
"spinning",
"spinning"
],
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"spin",
"spin"
],
[
"distaff",
"distaff"
],
[
"burn",
"burn"
],
[
"bonfire",
"bonfire"
]
],
"qualifier": "Western Lublin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Western Lublin, Janów Lubelski County, Ziółków, Lubartów County, spinning) woman spinning a distaff while burning a bonfire"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"spinning",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish derogatory terms",
"Polish terms with usage examples",
"Western Lublin Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"english": "Oh you dummy.",
"text": "O ty drumlo.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"epithet"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"epithet",
"epithet#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "Western Lublin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Western Lublin, Ponigwoda, derogatory) epithet"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdrum.la/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdrum.lʲa]",
"note": "Western Lublin"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umla"
}
],
"word": "drumla"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "drumlar",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlade",
"tags": [
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlat",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "drumla",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "drumla",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "drumla",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"archaic",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "drumla",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"archaic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"archaic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "drumle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"dated",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"dated",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drumles",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"passive",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"passive",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drumlande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"10": "drumla",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "present",
"4": "drumlar",
"5": "preterite",
"6": "drumlade",
"7": "supine",
"8": "drumlat",
"9": "imperative",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "drumla (present drumlar, preterite drumlade, supine drumlat, imperative drumla)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "drumla (present drumlar, preterite drumlade, supine drumlat, imperative drumla)",
"name": "sv-verb-reg"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nopp": "1"
},
"name": "sv-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "drumlig"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish colloquialisms",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish verbs",
"Swedish weak verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to move or go about something in a clumsy, careless manner; to blunder"
],
"links": [
[
"blunder",
"blunder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) to move or go about something in a clumsy, careless manner; to blunder"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"word": "drumla"
}
Download raw JSONL data for drumla meaning in All languages combined (7.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Lublin, Janów Lubelski County, Ziółków, Lubartów County, spinning",
"path": [
"drumla"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "drumla",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Lublin, Janów Lubelski County, Ziółków, Lubartów County, spinning",
"path": [
"drumla"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "drumla",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Lublin, Janów Lubelski County, Ziółków, Lubartów County, spinning",
"path": [
"drumla"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "drumla",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Lublin, Janów Lubelski County, Ziółków, Lubartów County, spinning",
"path": [
"drumla"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "drumla",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Lublin, Janów Lubelski County, Ziółków, Lubartów County, spinning",
"path": [
"drumla"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "drumla",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Lublin, Janów Lubelski County, Ziółków, Lubartów County, spinning",
"path": [
"drumla"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "drumla",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Lublin, Ponigwoda, derogatory",
"path": [
"drumla"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "drumla",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Lublin, Ponigwoda, derogatory",
"path": [
"drumla"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "drumla",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'imper. plural'",
"path": [
"drumla"
],
"section": "Swedish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "drumla",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'ind. plural'",
"path": [
"drumla"
],
"section": "Swedish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "drumla",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.